Zacharie de Besançon, "Super unum ex quattuor seu Concordia evangelistarum" ; Pierre de Poitiers, "Compendium historiae in genealogia Christi" ; Flavius Josèphe, "Antiquitates iudaice"

Notice créée le 2024-08-20 à 15:29 par Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani (nruffini).

Zacharie de Besançon, “Super unum ex quattuor seu Concordia evangelistarum” ; Pierre de Poitiers, “Compendium historiae in genealogia Christi” ; Flavius Josèphe, “Antiquitates iudaice”

0069

Manuscrit complet

Vers 1475

Sluis (Bruges)

ff. 1-223v:

ff. 1-14v, [heading, underlined in red, Ihesus maria franciscus guilhelmus. Matheus, incipit, 1. Liber generationis ihesu christum i. [in red, iii], Omnes ergo generationes, ii [in red, x], …, Et ecce ihesus occurit illis dicens avete,” Explicit capitula super euangelium mathei; …”; [continuing with f. 5, Mark, i-ccxxxv; f. 8, Luke, i-cccxliii; f. 12v, John, i-ccxxxii];

Chapter lists of the four Gospels using the textual divisions known as the Eusebian sections which are also used in the Canon Tables, followed by the number of the relevant table in red.

ff. 15-17v, Canon tables in yellow, orange and pink arches;

ff. 18-19, incipit, “Dominica primus ad aduentus, Inicium euangelii K [for Mark] xiii; Dominica secunda, Erunt signa, L [for Luke] cxlv; dominica tercia, Cum audisset, M [for Matthew] lxiiii …”;

Mass readings from the Gospels for the liturgical year for the Temporale beginning with the first Sunday in Advent, with Trinity Sunday but the Sundays counted after Pentecost, and concluding with the twenty-third Sunday after Penecost, the Sanctorale, very brief and without St. Francis, and the Common of Saints. References are to the Eusebian sections used in this commentary, with letters indicating the Gospel. These readings are not the usual ones for Franciscan Use (they may be Cistercian Use; further study is called).

ff. 19-29, Preseries Zacharie chrisopolitani in vnum ex quator, Ihesus, incipit, “De excellentiam euangelii et differentia ipsius ad legem, de figuris euangelistarum et eorum modo scribendi, … que malos terrent, Explicit prefatio; f. 28, Incipiunt capitula primi libri, incipit, “In principio uerbum deus … [i-xliii]; Nota, incipit, “Notum facimus lectori quod expositionis … exprimenda promititur, Explicit preseries;

ff. 29-233v, Incipit zacharie crisopolitani in unum ex quatuor sive Concordia euangelistarum, M i [in red:] iii, L xiiii [in red:] iii A i [in red:] iii, incipit, “In principio erat uerbum …, Magister, Verbum est sapientia … [book II, chapter list, f. 66v, text, f. 67], Incipit liber secundus expositionis in vnum ex quator, incipit, “Et factum est consummasset ihesus …; [book III, chapter list, f. 107, text f. 107v], Incipit liber tertius, incipit, “Venit autem ihesus in partes … ; [book IV, chapter list, f. 179, text, f. 179v], incipit, Et factum et cum consumasset … Nouissime uersus est et michi. Hoc non post paruum temporis ascensionis,” Deo gratias. Explicit vnum ex quatuor seu Concordia euangelistarum. Et desuper expositio continua exactissima diligencia edita a zacharia crisopolitano. [Colophon] Sancta Salvator. Per Fratrem Wilhelmum Francisci. Anno videlicet domini M.cccc.lxxv. Qui fuit annus iubileus per privilegium dompni Pauli secondi papae,” [Followed by a note in another hand in red:] ¶ Ista figura sequens nec non et columpne <que> sita sunt in paginis libri facta sunt per fratrem hiis ordinis de Gouda; [then continuing in the main hand:] Liber Fratrum minorum in Slusa. J.H.E.S.U.S. M.A.R.I.A. J.O.S.E.P.H. Franciscus Guilhelmus et omnes et sancti et sancte dei. Orate pro nobis peccatoribus. Amen.

Zacharias Chrysopolitanis, Super unum ex quattuor seu Concordia evangelistarum; printed in Migne, Patrologia latina, vol. 186, col. 11-620; there is no critical edition; Stegmüller, 950-1980, no. 8400, lists 58 manuscripts; Bourgain and Stutzmann, “Fama” (Online Resources) list 75 manuscripts; Gautier, 2008, lists 105 manuscripts, most dating from the late twelfth-thirteenth centuries; the text is however, quite rare on the market, and the vast majority of copies are in public institutions.

Zacharias Chrysopolitanus (d. c. 1155) was master of the cathedral school of Besançon in the opening of the twelfth century, before moving to Laon where he met the scholar Anselm of Laon (d. 1117). It was there that he composed this text, a grand harmonization of the Gospels, augmented by patristic literature and etymological explanation of some Greek, Hebrew, and Latin words in the text. One of the obsessions of twelfth-century scholarship was the ordering and arranging of information, including devising a logical chronological sequence for the narratives of the Bible. The Gospels were problematic, for all four books recount versions of the same story. Zachary addressed this worrying repetition by going back to the sixth-century Latin Gospel Harmony of Victor of Capua, itself a translation of the then-lost second-century Diatesseron of Tatian. It is a complex text, with an extensive introductory apparatus, including chapter lists of each of the Gospels, using the ancient divisions of the Gospels which were compiled to accompany the Canon Tables for reference, Canon Tables and a list of Mass readings for the liturgical year (again, using the Eusebian sections for reference). His text draws on commentaries by Jerome, Rabanus Maurus, John Chrysostom, Augustine, Ambrose, Origen and Hildebert of Lavardin (d. 1133).

ff. 233vb-241v, [no rubric], incipit, “Considerans historie sacre prolixitatem necnon difficultatem scolarium quoque circa studium sacre lectionis…”;

Peter of Poitiers, Compendium historie in genealogie Christi; the text concludes on f. 241v with the Resurrection, Institution of Peter to the papacy, and the twelve apostles; text accompanying the genealogy was completed only through the very top of f. 237; remainder consists only of the genealogical tree and the names in roundels, with the exception of one note about the founding of Ghent right before the Passion, f. 241, “Iste Gaius fuit quartus imperator et regnatur secundum Josephum annis xxii et mensibus sex et dies tres. Hic est qui fundavit villam gandensem in Flandria secundum aliquos” (we have not been able to find the source of this story).

There is no modern critical edition of this text; Stegmuller, 1950-1980, nos. 6778-6779, Bourgain and Stutzmann, “Fama” (Online Resources), list 256 manuscripts; Piggin (Online Resources), lists 267 manuscripts; text printed from single manuscripts: Moleiro, 1999-2000, facsimile, vol. II, pp. 135-147, with Spanish and English translation pp. 93-129, reproducing Rome, Bibl. Casanatense, MS 4254 (Tuscany, thirteenth century); Vollmer, 1931; and Zwingli, Basel, 1592 (with interpolations, published as part of a universal chronicle). The textual tradition is complex; fifteenth century copies are rare in comparison to earlier ones, work remains to be done comparing this witness, likely adapted by William Francis the scribe, to other known traditions.

Peter of Poitiers studied at the University of Paris, where he attended the classes of Peter Lombard. He succeeded Petrus Comestor as chair of scholastic theology in 1169, and served as chancellor of the University of Paris from 1193 to 1205. The Compendium historiae in genealogia Christi is his most famous work. It is a schematic depiction of biblical history in the form of a genealogy of Christ. The text is arranged with a main central line of descent running from top to bottom, from Adam to Christ (continuing to the apostles in some copies), spanning St. Augustine’s traditional six ages of the world. The text was designed to help students and others master the often confusing events of Old Testament history. Its popularity throughout the Middle Ages is a testimony to how useful it was.

Often copied as a roll, the scribe here added letters at the top and bottom of his pages to try and keep the branches of the genealogy straight (it begins with one line ‘A’ on f. 237, ‘A’ and ‘B’ on f. 239, ‘A’ ‘B’ and ‘C’ on f. 240, and by 241, ‘A-F’). Each name is in a roundel (some names in red), connected by colored lines. In many manuscripts all this is done with straight lines in a tidy fashion, here the criss-crossing, bending lines used by this scribe vividly demonstrates the complexity of biblical geneaology. The inclusion of the wives in the main roundels (not found in all copies) is notable, for example, David and Bersabee, Abraham and Sara, and so forth.

ff. 242-243, [in upper margin: Jhesus Maria Franciscus Guilhelmus], incipit, “Collecta sunt hec ex libris Iosephi antiquitatis iudaice historiographi … , Hec de primo partis …, Dominus deus adam creatvit …. manasses quidem senior iunior vero effraim. Jacob ut permissum xii habuit filios, Ruben itaque.”

Excerpts from Josephus (c. 37-100 A.D.), Antiquitates iudaice (Jewish Antiquities); Josephus’s Antiquities, written in Greek c. 93-94 A.D. and known throughout the Middle Ages in Latin translation, is a retelling of biblical history up to the first Jewish-Roman war of 66-73 A.D. It was widely read during the Middle Ages and in the Early modern period. Its contents fit perfectly with the other two exegetical works copied by Francis William in this volume. A careful study of the text, noting the passages he chose for his epitome would be an interesting exercise.

-

295 x 210 mm

244 fol.

Parchemin

TextManuscripts. Les Enluminures

-

Description codicologique complète : https://www.textmanuscripts.com/medieval/zacharias-chrysopolitanus-141432?country[]=the-low-countries&inventorySearch=4&p=60

-

Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani, « Zacharie de Besançon, “Super unum ex quattuor seu Concordia evangelistarum” ; Pierre de Poitiers, “Compendium historiae in genealogia Christi” ; Flavius Josèphe, “Antiquitates iudaice” », in GUARD : Guarantee Unpreserved Archives Remain Documented, Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani et Sébastien de Valeriola (éds.), n° 0069, 2024, URL : https://guard.ulb.be/doku.php?id=notice:manuscrit:0069.